You don’t realize how cyclical life is until you return to a gadget trend after a decade. When I shut my Verizon-provided Samsung flip-phone, I figured that was the last time I would be flirting with that form factor, as candy bar-style smartphones were now taking over the general gadget zeitgeist.

Then, I reviewed the Galaxy Z Flip 3 last summer. And I realized there’s a future in folding smartphones. We’re expecting Samsung to introduce its fourth generation of the Z Flip and Z Fold sometime next month, based on the company’s history of launching only the “buzzworthy” smartphones around this time. Now is the best time to reflect on the journey that brought us here.

Samsung may be the manufacturer that’s popularized the folding smartphone, but others have introduced their own versions that are worth mentioning. Here’s an abridged look back at the history of the folding smartphone in the last decade.

First, we have to shout out the original flip phone of yore for paving the way. If it weren’t for Samsung’s flip phones or the Motorola Razr (which it tried to reprise as a foldable later on), we wouldn’t have considered that phones could be condensed down to a pocketable size.

Before Samsung came out swinging with its foldable AMOLED display, a few other companies tried to make strides within the industry. In 2006, Polymer Vision showed off a rollable concept and a foldable device called the Readius , which functioned mostly as an e-reader rather than a full-blown mobile device.

In 2008, Nokia showed a concept video of a foldable display that could be molded into different form factors. The original teaser shows a thin tablet that’s essentially a slab of glass that could then tri-fold down and latch on to your wrist like a slap bracelet. The novel nature of the Morph made it seem like the technology was ahead of its time.

The first hint that Samsung was working on a foldable display was in 2011, when the company showed off a concept tablet that utilized a fully flexible AMOLED display. The display could bend, fold, and roll-up. It was even a bit see-through.

Around the time Samsung started teasing us with its foldable AMOLED, Kyocera released a dual-touchscreen Android phone called the Echo . It had dual 3.5-inch displays that folded into one another, plus software tweaks allowing you to run two apps simultaneously, side-by-side. Again, this is a case of another manufacturer being ahead of its time. The version of Android it was running didn’t yet support split-screen mode.

Samsung may have had the technology for folding smartphone displays, but it would take a while before making a phone with that particular form factor. Until then, if you were considering a foldable smartphone, you were likely looking at something dual-screened like the Kyocera Echo.

ZTE launched the Axon M in 2017 on AT&T. I still have my original review unit floating somewhere in my gadget closet. The phone had three screens in total: a 5.2-inch front screen and two 5.2-inch displays on the inside that folded out into a larger 6.8-inch tablet-style display. The Axon M was certainly cool, but the lack of proper software optimization, plus the physical bezel separating the two displays didn’t quite deliver on the experience.

Technically, the first bendable smartphone to market was the Royole Flexpai , launched days before Samsung showed off its updated flexible display. The Chinese electronics brand made it immediately available for $1,320, though initial impressions of the device didn’t seem like it was worth the hassle of procuring one from overseas.

Samsung launched its first consumer-ready foldable smartphone in 2019. The device was teased relentlessly, though when it launched , it landed with a smack. The Fold, which started as a device with a measly 4.6-inch display, opened up like a book to reveal a 7.3-inch Dynamic AMOLED inside. It also had a protective plastic film on the inner display, which some reviewers unknowingly pulled off . Samsung then retracted those review units and relaunched the Fold a few months later with a fix.

Huawei isn’t a brand you can buy to use in the U.S. anymore, but it made strides overseas with the foldable Mate X . The expensive bendable phone stole the spotlight from the Galaxy Fold after a wave of mishaps with Samsung’s initial review devices. Huawei is still making folding phones for other markets.

The Mate X was a bonafide, all-screen folding smartphone. But it folded back into a candy bar-sized phone rather than into itself like a book. It had a 6.8-inch front display and a 6.38-inch display on the back, which also housed the rear-facing cameras. To open the Mate X, you could press a button, transforming the phone into an 8-inch slate device. Huawei made headway with this design, especially ensuring the bezels weren’t overloading the available screens.

Xiaomi also waves the folding smartphone flag overseas. China’s largest smartphone manufacturer joined Samsung and Huawei in manufacturing flexible phones. The company once teased a tri-fold design, but its first launch was actually the Mi Mix Fold in 2021.

Motorola tried desperately to revive the Razr brand as a folding smartphone in 2019. And I mean, it REALLY tried. Verizon had the exclusive on the debut of the 6.2-inch P-OLED foldable, which resembled Motorola’s original Razr flip phone. There was also a “Quick View” display on the front, a 2.7-inch OLED. But the phone suffered from lackluster reviews, and its exclusive deal with Verizon meant it was only available to a small set of users.

Samsung’s first Z Flip model came at the right time. It was after the company had some time to work out the kinks of its almost-disastrous Galaxy Fold launch. It also followed Motorola’s struggle to capitalize on the nostalgia of its hit flip phone from the early aughts. The Galaxy Z Flip has since endured two more iterations, and we’re expecting the fourth generation sometime this summer.

TCL is typically known for its affordable smartphones and TVs, though it’s also played around with a folding form factor. The company showed off a foldable concept device at CES 2020 . Then, a month later, it teased a slide-out smartphone that managed to capture more eyes for its relatively creative way of folding within itself.

The Microsoft Surface Duo is not foldable in the current sense. It doesn’t have a screen that bends in the middle, though it has two inner displays that fold into an 8.1-inch device. It also features a host of software tweaks to make it the ultimate productivity device. Unfortunately, even with the second-generation Duo 2 , Microsoft failed to impress users.

We’d be remiss not to mention OnePlus’s parent company, Oppo, for its first flagship foldable, the Find N . Although it’s only available overseas, its existence has helped normalize the form factor as a crucial part of any manufacturer’s device portfolio. To its credit, Oppo has a history of trying on different smartphone styles to stand out from the saturated sea of competition in the Android space.

We’ve reached the end of our folding smartphone journey, though there’s plenty more up ahead to look forward to, including rumors about stretchy displays and Samsung’s other experiments. Microsoft might even have another form factor up its sleeve, though it’s uncertain if it’ll be in the smartphone space, considering the Duo’s reception.

However, the company we’re holding out hope for is Google, with its Pixel lineup of smartphones. We’ve been following the rumors over the past few years in a sort of will-they-won’t-they way . It seems that currently, they won’t . The last thing we heard was that Google’s foldable Pixel had been delayed for a second time, and we likely won’t hear much else until at least the end of the year.